Generic Name:
Pentamidine
Brand Names:
Availability:
Available with Prescription
Drug Class:
Antiprotozoal
Therapeutic action
- Antiprotozoal active against Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)
Indications
- Second-line treatment of pneumocystosis, in the event of contra-indication, intolerance or unresponsiveness to co-trimoxazole
Forms and strengths, route of administration
- Powder for injection, 200 mg and 300 mg vials, to be dissolved in 10 ml water for injection, for IM injection or infusion in 250 ml of 5% glucose
Dosage and duration
- Child and adult:4 mg/kg once daily by IM injection or infusion (60 minutes minimum)for 14 to 21 days
Contra-indications, adverse effects, precautions
- Do not administer to patients with severe renal impairment.
- Reduce dosage in patients with renal impairment.
- May cause:
- aseptic abscess by IM route; venous thrombosis by IV route;
- malaise, hypotension, particularly if administered too rapidly by IV route;
- gastrointestinal disturbances; renal, hepatic and haematologic disorders; pancreatitis, arrhythmia, torsades de pointes, hypoglycaemia followed by hyperglycaemia.
- Do not combine with drugs inducing torsades de pointes: anti-arrhythmics, neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, IV erythromycin, halofantrine, etc.
- Avoid combination with: mefloquine, cardiac glycosides, azole antifungals, drugs inducing hypokalaemia (diuretics, glucocorticoids, injectable amphotericin B, etc.).
- Administer on a empty stomach,keep the patient supine during injection and 30 minutes after. Monitor blood pressure, blood glucose level, serum creatinine level, blood counts.
- Pregnancy and breast-feeding: CONTRA-INDICATED, except if vital and there is no therapeutic alternative.
Remarks
For the prophylaxis of pneumocystosis, pentamidine may be used by inhalation of nebulised solution using suitable equipment.
Pentamidine is also used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
Storage
– Below 25 °C
Once reconstituted, solution keeps for 24 hours maximum, between2 °C to 8 °C.